In the case of India, relationships would be far easier than any East Asian country, like Japan, China, or Korea.......................why do u ask........................???  SIMPLE:  they speak English.........................England conquered them and ruled them for like 400-500 years..

British Raj

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"British Empire in India" redirects here. For other uses, see British India (disambiguation).

"Indian Empire" redirects here. For other Indian empires, see History of India.

India Indian Empire British Raj
Imperial political structure comprising (a) Presidencies and provinces directly governed by the  British Crown through the Governor-General of India; (b) Princely States, governed by Indian rulers, under the  suzerainty of the British Crown exercised through the Governor-General of India[1]
←  1858–1947  →  →  →  →
Flag Star of India
Anthem God Save the King/Queen
The British Indian Empire in 1936.
Capital		1858–1912  Calcutta 1912–1947  New Delhi
Languages		English Hindustani Many local languages
Government		Empire
Empress/emperora
-	1858–1901	Victoriab
-	1901–1910	Edward VII
-	1910–1936	George V
-	1936	Edward VIII
-	1936–1947	George VI
Viceroy and Governor-Generalc
-	1858–1862	(first) Charles Canning
-	1947	(last)  Louis Mountbatten
Secretary of State
-	1858–1859	(first) Edward Stanley
-	1947	(last)  William Hare
Legislature		Central Legislative Assembly
History
-	Indian Rebellion	10 May 1857
-	Government of India Act	2 August 1858
-	Indian Independence Act	15 August 1947
-	Partition of India	15 August 1947
Area
-	1937	4,903,312 km²(1,893,179 sq mi)
-	1947	4,226,734 km²(1,631,951 sq mi)
Currency		British Indian rupee
Today part of		India  Pakistan  Bangladesh  Burma  Yemen  Singapore  Somalia
a.	Title existed 1876–1947.
b.	Ruled as Queen of the United Kingdom between 1858 and 1 May 1876.
c.	Full title was "Viceroy and Governor-General of India".

The British Raj (rāj, meaning "rule" in Hindi)^[2] was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.^[3] The term can also refer to the period of dominion.^[3][4] The region under British control—commonly called "India" in contemporary usage—included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom (contemporaneously, "British India") as well as the princely states ruled by individual rulers under the paramountcy of the British Crown. The region was less commonly also called the Indian Empire.^[5] As India, it was a founding member of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and a founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945.^[6]

The system of governance was instituted in 1858, when the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria^[7](and who, in 1876, was proclaimed Empress of India), and lasted until 1947, when the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two sovereign dominion states, the Union of India (later the Republic of India) and the Dominion of Pakistan (later the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the eastern half of which, still later, became the People's Republic of Bangladesh). At the inception of the Raj in 1858, Lower Burma was already a part of British India; Upper Burma was added in 1886, and the resulting union, Burma, was administered as a province until 1937, when it became a separate British colony, gaining its own independence in 1948.

Contents

  [hide] 

• 1 Geographical extent
• 2 British India and the Native States
  • 2.1 Major provinces
  • 2.2 Minor provinces
  • 2.3 Princely states
  • 2.4 Organization
• 3 Viceroys
• 4 1858–1914
  • 4.1 Aftermath of the Rebellion of 1857: Indian critiques, British response
  • 4.2 Legal modernisation
  • 4.3 Education
  • 4.4 Economic history
    • 4.4.1 Industry
    • 4.4.2 Railways
    • 4.4.3 Policies
  • 4.5 1860s–1890s: New middle class, Indian National Congress
  • 4.6 1870s–1907: Social reformers, moderates vs. extremists
  • 4.7 Partition of Bengal (1905–1911)
  • 4.8 1906–1909: Muslim League, Minto-Morley reforms
• 5 1914–1947
  • 5.1 1914–1918: First World War, Lucknow Pact
  • 5.2 1917–1919: Satyagraha, Montagu-Chelmsford reforms, Jallianwalla Bagh
  • 5.3 1920s: Nonco-operation, Khilafat, Simon Commission, Jinnah's fourteen points
  • 5.4 1929–1937: Round Table conferences, Government of India Act
  • 5.5 1938–1941: World War II, Muslim League's Lahore Resolution
  • 5.6 1942–1945: Cripps mission, Quit India Resolution, INA
  • 5.7 1946: Elections, Cabinet mission, Direct Action Day
  • 5.8 1947: Planning for partition
  • 5.9 1947: Violence, partition, independence
• 6 Ideological impact
• 7 Economic impact
• 8 Famines, epidemics, public health
• 9 See also
• 10 Notes
• 11 Further reading
  • 11.1 Surveys
  • 11.2 Specialized topics
  • 11.3 Economic history
  • 11.4 Gazetteers, statistics and primary sources

Geographical extent[edit]

The British Raj extended over almost all present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, with exceptions such as Goa and Pondicherry.^[8] In addition, at various times, it included Aden (from 1858 to 1937),^[9] Lower Burma (from 1858 to 1937), Upper Burma (from 1886 to 1937), British Somaliland (briefly from 1884 to 1898), and Singapore (briefly from 1858 to 1867). Burma was separated from India and directly administered by the British Crown from 1937 until its independence in 1948. The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf were theoretically princely states as well as Presidencies and provinces of British India until 1946 and used the rupee as their unit of currency.^[10]

Among other countries in the region, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) was ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens. Ceylon was part of Madras Presidencybetween 1793 and 1798.^[11] The kingdoms of Nepal and Bhutan, having fought wars with the British, subsequently signed treaties with them and were recognised by the British as independent states.^[12][13] The Kingdom of Sikkim was established as a princely state after the Anglo-Sikkimese Treaty of 1861; however, the issue of sovereignty was left undefined.^[14] The Maldive Islands were a British protectorate from 1887 to 1965 but not part of British India.